enzyme electrophoresis was used to measure genetic variation within, and divergence among, three generations of recently bred synthetic alfalfa generations (syn1, syn2, and syn3) originating from a polycross of 12 selected parents and several cultivars. three isozyme loci, exhibiting tetrasomic inheritance in 10-day seedlings, were detected from five enzymatic systems analyzed by polyacryla...

epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. studies have demonstrated that genetic factors have a strong role in etiology of epilepsy. mutations in genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitters and other proteins involved in the neuronal biology have been recognized in different types of this disease. moreover, some chromosomal aberration including ring chromosomes will result i...

in general, both common illnesses and rare diseases can develop in people and their relatives in families. therefore, taking family history is an effective screening tool to detect such diseases and patients should be aware of its importance in families’ health with updating information in regular visiting. for more information on identifying the genetic pattern of diseases, in this article, we...

inflammatory bowel disease, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, tumours, are exam­ples of chronic degenerative diseases that have a high prevalence in developed nations. these chronic-non-communicable dis­eases have multifactorial aetiologies that considered to be caused by the interaction of environmental risk factors with multi­ple predisposing genes. gen...

a stable agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was established using bialaphos as the selective agent in soybeans [glycine max (l.) merr.]. the cotyledonary node explants of the soybean cultivar ‘ny-1001’ were inoculated with the agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha105, harboring the vector pcambia3301 containing the gus gene as the reporter gene and the bar gene conferring bialaphos res...

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Since the early twentieth century, inheritance was seen as the inheritance of genes. Concurrent with the acceptance of the genetic theory of inheritance was the rejection of the idea that the cytoplasm of the oocyte could also play a role in inheritance and a corresponding devaluation of embryology as a discipline critical for understanding human development. Development, and variation in devel...